why are his feet randomly floating and sliding?
Because floating and sliding are the only two things I can do.
I don't think you understand the point of guidelines for size considering you didn't use them at all. Typically you draw the height guideline where it would be when your figure is standing completely straight up, where in this case you start with his legs bent and maintain that size until he is standing up. Are you animating this with a mouse? I would highly recommend using the line tool if you don't have a tablet. Otherwise, you need to increase the smoothing setting on your brush. Also, the arm movements aren't that bad, but the leg movements don't make any sense. Typically when someone punches they're either going to lean forward into the strike, or they're going to step to add extra momentum in order to achieve more force. The slide back was the right move in terms of anticipation, but there was too much of a pause, and then you had no clue where to go from there lol.
I do indeed have a tablet, but my hands seem to physically incapable of making a straight line.
On guides,
Is this the correct way to do it?
My smoothing setting is currently 0. What would you recommend? I'm going to try 15.