The validity of my arguments is what is essential.
Yeah I agree, but I'm not really focusing on the quality of your arguments here, I'm talking about your responses to the ones
I've made to
invalidate your arguments. That's what I'm trying to do here, and you're doing little more than ignoring me. How are we supposed to have a discussion if you won't even acknowledge what I'm saying?
It's downright ridiculous that you're even trying to discuss this topic in the first place. You said from the beginning, "Please research your information thoroughly before presenting it", but with some of the blatantly false statements you've made so far, it's extremely obvious you don't really know what you're talking about. When I correct you, you dismiss it because you don't understand enough about this topic to make sense out of my rebuttals.
This is really fucking frustrating.
But I'm going to try one last time to explain this to you. Starting with this statement:
I suppose what I don't believe is mutations that don't just copy or delete, but cause the creation of new structures that function.
lol. Okay so here's a few definitions for you, because if you've ever read them you would never say anything like that:
Mutation: The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA,
or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes
Now, the definition of
gene duplication: any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene; it may occur as an error in homologous recombination, a retrotransposition event, or duplication of an entire chromosome.
aka THE DEFINITION OF MUTATION. Duplication changes the genome, mutation is any change in the genome, so duplication is a type of mutation. Let me repeat that: gene duplication IS mutation. This is
not up for debate, this is obvious from their definitions.
I feel it's necessary to make that as clear as possible, because when you challenged us to find an example of something being
added through mutation, I gave you one. This was your response:
As far as the duplication goes, yes, but that information was already there, there is just more of it now. No NEW information was created.
First of all, no, that isn't what happened at all. "New information" was created. What the fuck isn't "new" about having increased color perception? It's a new function and it was the result of
mutation, it's exactly what you asked for.
If you knew anything about biology you would have realized that, but I'm assuming that hasn't changed and repeating myself is equally useless now as it was then. So gather 'round, kids, it's time for a fucking biology lesson.
When a gene is copied: "The second copy of the gene is often free from selective pressure — that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. Thus it accumulates mutations faster than a functional single-copy gene, over generations of organisms."
So yes, you are kind of right, the gene was copied and didn't lead to anything new. But that copy can eventually mutate into something that
is new. What else do you want? The end result causes something new THROUGH MUTATION. Genes don't just pop into existence, completely functional and useful to the organism from day one. Or even if they might (I don't know of any examples) it's not how evolution works.
After a gene is copied it can undergo something called
neofunctionalization, it's the process by which a copied gene becomes mutated while the original gene remains intact. It serves a separate function while the original gene continues functioning as it did prior to the mutation. This is exactly how cone cells evolved to allow trichromacy in humans.
You can read more about it
here and
here, if you insist on citations.
So that's it. Mutations do occur, some of which eventually add new or useful structures. It is not a "dumbing down" process of selective genetic deletion like you suggested before.
Until you directly address this scientific evidence that directly refutes your claims, you haven't said a single fucking thing to give any of your arguments even a shred of validity. That's what's essential here, right?