I have a file that I would very much like to view, but the extension is an .ef and I have no idea what to open it with. The recommended program is notepad, but when I use that, this happens:



I would greatly appreciate anyone who could help me open this

try word

That's perfectly readable, it's just got tags in it.

Is this what you were after?
http://www.evanshine.com/GWCDocs/Practice%20Quizzes/Practice%20Questions%20for%20Final%20Exam.htm

open it in a web browser

1. Among the root causes of the hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II was
A) all of the answers below
B) the brutality of the Soviet government toward its own people
C) the Soviet mistreatment of eastern Europeans during World War II
D) the United States refusal to deal with the Soviet Union during the 1920s
E) the fundamental difference between the nations’ vision of the postwar world

Answer: A Page: 778 Difficulty: Medium

2. The historians who analyzed the Cold War offered all of the following interpretations of its beginning except
A) the Cold War resulted from the aggressive Soviet policies of expansion
B) the Cold War started because the ideologies of limited government and unlimited government were fundamentally incompatible
C) the United States caused the Cold War by insisting that the whole world be open to American trade and influence
D) neither side was really to blame for the Cold War because the two most powerful nations in the world were bound to clash
E) both sides contributed to the basic causes of the Cold War

Answer: B Page: 780–781 Difficulty: Hard

3. Over the years, some historians have argued that the Cold War was the result of
A) all of the answers below
B) Soviet communist expansionism
C) American capitalist expansionism
D) ignorance and misconception on the part of both the Soviets and the Americans
E) Soviet paranoia about the intentions of the West

Answer: A Page: 780–781 Difficulty: Medium

4. Despite disagreement among historians concerning the origins of the Cold War, many of them have come to accept the post-revisionist interpretation that
A) both countries helped to create an atmosphere of tension and suspicion that touched off the Cold War
B) the United States initiated the Cold War when it intervened in the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917
C) the Soviet Union was merely responding to the military aggressiveness of the United States
D) the Soviet Union’s demand for reparations from Germany at the end of World War II was the most obvious origin of the Cold War
E) the creation of the Warsaw Pact was an unneeded act of Soviet aggression

Answer: A Page: 780–781 Difficulty: Hard


5. As the Allies entered the last year of World War II, all of the principles outlined by the Atlantic Charter were strongly supported by
A) all of the answers below
B) Churchill
C) Clemenceau
D) Roosevelt
E) Stalin

Answer: D Page: 778 Difficulty: Easy

6. Despite a wartime alliance, postwar Soviet-American relations deteriorated for all of the following reasons except
A) their disagreement about the political structure of postwar Europe
B) their mutual distrust of each other’s motives
C) Roosevelt’s belief that the Soviet government was inflexible and that Stalin was unreasonable
D) Stalin’s determination to control central and eastern Europe
E) their dispute about the nature of Poland’s postwar government

Answer: C Page: 778–781 Difficulty: Hard

7. The Atlantic Charter outlined a vision of the postwar world that would
A) set up a system of military alliances and spheres of influence
B) organize spheres of influence in international trade
C) reestablish a system vaguely similar to the traditional European balance of power
D) set up an international organization serving as the arbiter of disputes
E) allow the Soviet Union to control central and eastern Europe as a buffer against future invasions

Answer: D Page: 778 Difficulty: Medium

8. At the meeting of the Allies at Casablanca in January 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill
A) decided to open an immediate second front in Europe to relieve pressure on the Soviet front
B) announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers
C) decided to invade Europe before North Africa
D) refused to listen to Stalin’s views on matters
E) chose to momentarily halt research and production of the atomic bomb

Answer: B Page: 778 Difficulty: Medium

9. Allied wartime diplomacy illustrated that
A) Roosevelt and Stalin consistently joined forces against Churchill
B) the Big Three could not agree on the principle of a postwar international peace organization
C) Roosevelt and Churchill consistently joined forces against Stalin
D) a free and united Poland was a major goal for all three nations
E) the Big Three could not settle their basic disagreements

Answer: E Page: 778–781 Difficulty: Hard

10. Roosevelt and Churchill had a major disagreement with Stalin at the Teheran Conference regarding
A) possible use of atomic weapons to end the war
B) the future status of Poland
C) the creation of a second front against Germany in eastern Europe
D) invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
E) the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Answer: B Page: 778 Difficulty: Hard


11. In deciding the issue of Poland at the Teheran Conference in November 1943, the Big Three decided to
A) refuse to allow the Soviets to annex any territory historically belonging to Poland
B) allow the Soviets to install a procommunist government in Poland
C) divide Poland into zones of occupation with a pro-communist government in the eastern half and a pro-western government in the western half
D) encourage a self-determination referendum for Polish voters
E) leave the issues concerning Poland unresolved

Answer: E Page: 778 Difficulty: Easy

12. At Yalta, the Big Three agreed on all of the following issues except
A) Soviet entrance into the Pacific war after Germany had been defeated
B) creation of a democratic government in Poland with equal representation of procommunist and pro-western Poles
C) creation of a United Nations to preserve world peace after the end of the war
D) the division of Germany into four zones of occupation based on the positions of troops at the end of the war
E) the formation of the Security Council as a way of balancing power

Answer: B Page: 778–779 Difficulty: Hard

13. The final agreement at Yalta concerning the future of Germany was that Germany would be
A) reconstructed and reunited but would remain under strict supervision of the Allies
B) divided in half, with East Germany controlled by the Soviets and West Germany controlled by the United States
C) allowed to hold a binding vote regarding its preference of either capitalism or communism
D) divided into four zones based on the position of troops at the end of the war
E) reunited and allowed to hold free elections to set up its own government

Answer: D Page: 779 Difficulty: Medium

14. When Harry Truman assumed the Presidency after Franklin Roosevelt’s death, he believed that
A) Roosevelt had kept him well informed on international issues
B) Stalin was essentially a good man who could be reasoned with
C) the Soviet Union was a backward nation that posed no threat to the United States
D) Stalin and the Soviet Union were fundamentally untrustworthy
E) the Soviet Union’s military weakness harmed its commitment to expansion

Answer: D Page: 780 Difficulty: Medium

15. In dealing with the Soviets during his first few months in office, President Truman
A) rejected the notion of “getting tough” with the Soviet Union
B) enjoyed great diplomatic leverage concerning eastern Europe
C) consented to Soviet demands for reparation payments from all zones of Germany
D) agreed to let Stalin determine the political makeup of Germany
E) chastised the Soviets for violating the Yalta agreements

Answer: E Page: 780–781 Difficulty: Easy


16. During the struggle in China between nationalists and communists after World War II, the United States
A) continued to support Chiang Kaishek with money and weapons even when it became clear his cause was lost
B) supported the communist leader Mao Zedong, hoping that a communist China friendly to the United States would help stop Soviet aggression
C) supported Ho Chi Minh, a compromise leader
D) intervened militarily to put an end to the struggle
E) tool a “hands off” approach by encouraging China to solve its own problems

Answer: A Page: 781 Difficulty: Easy

17. Truman’s policy of “containment” called for the United States to
A) use aggressive military action to overthrow communist governments in eastern Europe
B) support free people who were resisting communist expansion
C) return to the isolationism of the 1920s and 1930s
D) do as little as possible to maintain the fragile peace
E) cut off all foreign aid to nations outside western Europe

Answer: B Page: 782 Difficulty: Medium

18. Above all other reasons, policy makers supported the Marshall Plan because they
A) had a humanitarian concern for the European people
B) feared that Europe would remain an economic drain on the United States if not quickly rebuilt
C) desired a strong European market for American goods
D) feared that the shaky pro-American governments in western Europe might fall under communist control
E) worried that a revitalized Japan would threaten American trade

Answer: D Page: 782–783 Difficulty: Hard

19. The Marshall Plan adopted policies toward communist countries that
A) excluded the Soviet Union from assistance
B) excluded the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites from assistance
C) offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, but they refused
D) offered assistance to the Soviet Union and its eastern European’ satellites, and they eagerly accepted
E) included financial aid for Japan but not the Soviet Union

Answer: C Page: 782–783 Difficulty: Easy

20. The Economic Cooperation Administration was also known as the
A) Truman Doctrine
B) United Nations
C) Marshall Plan
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
E) Security Council

Answer: C Page: 783 Difficulty: Easy


21. The Marshall Plan accomplished all of the following except
A) caused a few successful pro-western coups
B) weakened communist support in member states
C) increased European industrial production
D) revived opportunities for American trade
E) sparked an economic revival in western Europe

Answer: A Page: 783 Difficulty: Medium

22. The National Security Act of 1947 contained all of the following provisions except
A) creating the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee and speed atomic research
B) combining the functions of the War and Navy Departments into a new Department of Defense
C) creating the Central Intelligence Agency
D) expanding the president’s power to pursue the nation’s international goals
E) establishing a new Department of Defense

Answer: A Page: 783 Difficulty: Hard

23. In 1948, Stalin initiated the Berlin Blockade in response to
A) the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B) allegations that Alger Hiss was stealing and sending diplomatic secrets to the Soviet Union
C) the launching of the Marshall Plan
D) the buildup of the American military in Japan
E) the merging of the American, British, and French zones of Germany to create a new West German Republic

Answer: E Page: 784 Difficulty: Easy

24. The history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization involved all of the following events except
A) the members declared that an armed attack against one member would be considered an attack on all
B) the United States Senate did not ratify the charter until a decade after the organization was formed
C) the crisis in Berlin accelerated the formation of the organization
D) the Soviet Union responded to its formation with the creation of the Warsaw Pact
E) the members agreed to maintain a standing military force in Europe

Answer: B Page: 784–785 Difficulty: Hard

25. The National Security Council report resulted from all of the following events except
A) the invasion of South Korea by communist North Korean forces
B) the fleeing of Chiang Kai-shek and his followers to Taiwan (Formosa)
C) the victory of Mao Zedong and his communist forces in China
D) the detonation of an atomic bomb by the Soviet Union
E) the general belief by the United States that the communists were expansionist

Answer: A Page: 785 Difficulty: Hard

26. The National Security Council report represented
A) an abandonment of America’s containment policy
B) a relaxation of America’s containment policy
C) an affirmation of America’s containment policy
D) a strengthening of America’s containment policy
E) a return to pre-World War II isolationism

Answer: D Page: 785 Difficulty: Easy


27. Post–World War II America exhibited all of the following economic characteristics except
A) a continuation of economic growth in the first year after the war
B) a depression after the effects of wartime spending wore off
C) several years of serious inflation
D) labor unrest and a reshuffling of the labor force
E) the rejection of Harry Truman’s first Fair Deal

Answer: B Page: 786–787 Difficulty: Medium

28. The strikes by the United Mine Workers and the nation’s railroads in 1946 were settled when
A) Truman invited the disagreeing parties to the White House and mediated the dispute
B) Truman either ordered or threatened government control
C) management agreed to the demands of labor
D) management called in strikebreakers
E) unions agreed to surrender collective bargaining rights

Answer: B Page: 786 Difficulty: Medium

29. After the end of World War II and the return of demobilized forces to the workforce, women
A) all of the answers below
B) left the workforce in large numbers
C) shifted to jobs in other areas of the economy
D) wanted to remain in their wartime positions
E) faced exclusion from industrial jobs

Answer: A Page: 786 Difficulty: Medium

30. One major purpose of the Taft-Hartley Act was to
A) promote human rights abroad
B) place an embargo on trade with communist nations
C) limit the power of labor unions
D) provide reforms of the campaign finance system
E) urge an end to the Korean War

Answer: C Page: 787 Difficulty: Easy

31. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was supported by
A) most workers and union leaders
B) President Truman
C) liberal Democrats in Congress
D) conservative Republicans in Congress
E) civil rights activists

Answer: D Page: 787 Difficulty: Easy

32. In the election of 1948, Southern conservatives bolted the Democratic party because
A) they objected to Truman’s slow and ineffective domestic policies
B) they wanted to nominate Dwight D. Eisenhower to be the Democratic candidate instead of Truman.
C) they resented Truman’s confrontational stand against the Soviet Union
D) they rejected the New Deal philosophies of the Fair Deal
E) they disapproved of Truman’s proposed civil rights bill

Answer: E Page: 788 Difficulty: Medium


33. In the election of 1948, Truman employed all of the following political tactics except
A) becoming more aggressive in attacking his opponent
B) telling the public that the Republicans had abandoned the common people
C) keeping a low profile once he gained a large lead in the polls
D) recreating much of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal coalition
E) assailing the Republican Congress for its economic failures

Answer: C Page: 788 Difficulty: Medium

34. In the election of 1948, Truman
A) did little campaigning, because he believed he could not win once some Democrats deserted to form their own parties
B) defeated Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower by a narrow but decisive margin
C) refused to attack the flaws of the opposition party
D) won the presidency, but Republicans retained control of both houses of Congress
E) won the presidency, and the Democrats also won both houses of Congress

Answer: E Page: 788 Difficulty: Easy

35. In the late 1940s, Truman managed to push through Congress all of the following Fair Deal legislation except
A) a new minimum wage law to increase the rates
B) a national health insurance plan to provide medical care to the poor
C) an expansion of the Social Security system
D) a National Housing Act to provide construction of low-income housing
E) an extension of Social Security benefits to more Americans

Answer: B Page: 788 Difficulty: Hard

36. On the issue of racial discrimination, Truman managed to
A) begin dismantling segregation within the armed forces
B) make lynching a federal crime
C) abolish the poll tax
D) establish a new Fair Employment Practices Commission to reduce racial discrimination in hiring
E) get passage of a comprehensive civil rights bill

Answer: A Page: 788 Difficulty: Hard

37. The film style of film noir emphasized
A) musical themes that encouraged optimism
B) personal biographies that edified traditional American values
C) rejection of American political goals in third-world countries
D) comedy as a way of causing Americans to forget their troubles
E) the alienation of individuals in an impersonal world

Answer: E Page: 789 Difficulty: Hard

38. The Korean War began when
A) Japanese forces invaded South Korea
B) Soviet troops invaded South Korea
C) Chinese troops invaded South Korea
D) North Korean forces invaded South Korea
E) Vietnamese forces invaded South Korea

Answer: D Page: 790 Difficulty: Easy
39. President Truman relieved Douglas MacArthur from command because MacArthur
A) failed to stabilize the front in Korea
B) ordered the bombing of communist forces massing north of the Chinese border
C) publicly indicated his dissatisfaction with Truman’s policy on Korea
D) invaded North Korea despite Truman’s orders to halt at the 38th parallel
E) did not share Truman’s desire to invade China

Answer: C Page: 792 Difficulty: Easy

40. The Korean War resulted in all of the following developments except
A) a boost to American economic growth at a point when many believed it was about to decline
B) an increased confidence in America’s position as a world power dedicated to stopping the spread of communism
C) the creation of the office of Defense Mobilization to fight inflation, hold down prices, and discourage union wage demands
D) a military stalemate that dragged on until 1953
E) the death or wounding of over 100,000 Americans

Answer: B Page: 792 Difficulty: Hard

41. In the early 1950s, the campaign against domestic communism in the United States resulted from all of the following developments except
A) the stalemate in Korea
B) the death of Mao Zedong
C) the Soviet deployment of the atomic bomb
D) the fall of China to communism
E) the despotic image of Joseph Stalin

Answer: B Page: 792 Difficulty: Easy

42. The conviction of Alger Hiss resulted in all of the following developments except
A) linking liberal Democrats with communist subversion
B) elevating Richard Nixon to national prominence
C) repealing the statute of limitations for espionage so that Hiss could be tried
D) encouraging the public’s fear that communists had infiltrated the government
E) leading to other investigations of communist infiltration

Answer: C Page: 792–795 Difficulty: Medium

43. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, accused of transferring atomic secrets to the Soviets, were
A) convicted and deported to the Soviet Union
B) convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment
C) convicted, sentenced to death, and executed, despite two years of appeals and public protests
D) convicted and sentenced to death, but released after two years of appeals and public protests
E) convicted but released when key witnesses admitted to lying

Answer: C Page: 793–794 Difficulty: Easy

44. The nation’s most prominent leader of the crusade against domestic subversion was
A) J. Edgar Hoover
B) Whittaker Chambers
C) Joseph McCarthy
D) Richard M. Nixon
E) Robert F. Kennedy

Answer: C Page: 794 Difficulty: Easy
45. In his crusade against domestic subversion, Joseph McCarthy used all of the following means except
A) boldly claiming to have a list of known communists working in the American State Department
B) intimidating most of the people opposing him
C) claiming that the Democrats had been responsible for “twenty years of treason”
D) producing conclusive evidence that several federal employees had communist ties
E) badgering witnesses and ruining established careers

Answer: D Page: 794–795 Difficulty: Hard

46. The Republican candidate, Dwight Eisenhower, won the presidential election of 1952 because much of the public
A) was satisfied with the military conduct of the Korean War
B) no longer feared communist subversion
C) liked the geniality and statesmanlike quality of Eisenhower
D) perceived the Democratic candidate as too conservative
E) felt that the Democrats had lacked leadership on civil rights

Answer: C Page: 795–796 Difficulty: Medium



Who do you ****ing love?

Homework done.